A decade of progress in kidney exchange in India

 This morning I zoomed in to the tail end of a quiet celebration in India of a decade of collaboration between the Alliance for Paired Kidney Donation  (APKD) and our Indian medical colleagues..

Mike Rees and I both had sent messages of support, and during the call I spoke about my hope that India, which already does the third most kidney transplants in the world, will in the coming decade come to be the country that does the most kidney exchange transplants. That in turn could lead to India eventually becoming a global attractor for patient-donor pairs from countries that don't have lots of transplants or exchanges, to come to India to participate in kidney exchange there.

There remain many obstacles to be overcome before that can happen, but there's been so much progress in India already that those are real possibilities.

Here's the message I emailed to the founding team yesterday:

"Dear Vivek, Pranjal, Mike, Atul  and Colleagues: It’s amazing that the collaboration  between the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center at the Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, and the Alliance for Paired Donation is entering its second decade.  It’s been thrilling for me to observe the progress that you have made.  I recall vividly meeting Dr. Trivedi in 2019 in his hospital room, and I was later deeply honored to deliver The Dr H.L. Trivedi Oration at the ISOT Meeting  in 2022.  I’ve learned so much from Vivek, and I will never forget watching Pranjal perform a robotic surgery.  And it was memorable that you both were able to visit us at Stanford for the kidney summit organized by APKD and Stanford Impact Labs.
 

"Seeing what you have accomplished has been one of the highlights of my career in market design. It’s good that we’re all still young, since I’m looking forward to the next decade of accomplishment in India." 
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Here's Mike's message:

"Mike Rees on the 10-year anniversary of IKDRC and APKD working together

"I remember the first time I met Vivek in 2016 at the TTS meeting in Hong Kong. Vivek received the “International Transplantation Science Mentee-Mentor” Award at the TTS 2016 Congress in Hong Kong. The award recognized his work on "Impact of Single Center Kidney Paired Donation Transplantation to Increase Donor Pool in India," completed under the mentorship of Prof. H.L. Trivedi and Prof. P.R. Shah. I remember meeting Vivek, Dr. PR Shah and Pranjal at the award ceremony and thinking about how wonderful it would be if we could work together. I imagined harnessing their great passion of helping patients through kidney transplantation and paired exchange and combining that with the APKD’s powerful software employing Al Roth’s Nobel Prize winning algorithm. While in Hong Kong, Vivek and I went to dinner at my first vegetarian restaurant and there we agreed to work together to try to help expand kidney exchange in India. 
 

"Three years later I travelled to Ahmedabad in May of 2019 with Alvin Roth for the ISOT Mid-term meeting. During that trip, Al and I watched Pranjal do a retroperitoneal donor nephrectomy and a robotic kidney transplantation. It was my first time seeing a robotic kidney transplant and it was so amazing. I met Dr. Himanshu Patel on that trip and I also had the honor of visiting Dr. HL Trivedi and his wife with Vivek. What a legacy Dr. Trivedi has left and I am so proud that APKD has been able to work together with Vivek, Himanshu, Pranjal and all the members of the IKDRC team to extend his wonderful vision.
 

"Since that meeting in Hong Kong, I have now made 12 trips to India and have become a big fan of Indian food and diversity of Indian culture. I have been so impressed with the passion and commitment of doctors across India, but none more so than at IKDRC. Along the way I have been fortunate to have been joined by Atul Agnihotri, Shridhar Hanchinal, and Trilly Mathew to expand our work in India. We are so grateful for the amazing example the IKDRC team has demonstrated in terms of what is possible when hard work and technology come together to saves the lives of patients with kidney disease. It is truly a joy to celebrate today with you our tenth anniversary of the work between IKDRC and APKD as we commemorate all that we have accomplished together!"

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 Over the last decade I've blogged many times in connection with transplant progress in India.  Here's a selection related to this ten-year anniversary:

Wednesday, January 13, 2016  77 Kidney Exchange transplants in 2015 at one transplant center in India

Friday, April 14, 2017  A transplant center in India has done 300 kidney exchange transplants

Wednesday, May 3, 2017 Mike Rees in India to help remove obstacles to kidney exchange

Tuesday, May 21, 2019 Robot-assisted kidney transplantation in Ahmedabad, India.

 

Wednesday, February 3, 2021 Non-Simultaneous Kidney Exchange Cycles in India: new design, in Transplant International by Kute and Rees et al.

Thursday, October 13, 2022 The Dr H.L. Trivedi Oration at the Indian Society of Transplantation (ISOT) Meeting 2022

Tuesday, February 27, 2024  Stanford Impact Labs announces support for kidney exchange in Brazil, India, and the U.S.

Saturday, April 19, 2025 One Nation One Swap: National kidney exchange in India

 Thursday, August 7, 2025 Stanford conference on extending kidney exchange

 

Kidney exchange developments in India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Germany

 Here are recent reports on kidney exchange from  India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Germany.

 Atul Agnihotri: SOMETHING REMARKABLE IS HAPPENING IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN INDIA.

"Through collaboration with 63 transplant centers, APKD India enabled 130 kidney swap transplants in 2025, quietly becoming ONE OF THE LARGEST KIDNEY SWAP PROGRAMS outside the U.S.

And the momentum continues — January has already kicked off with 22 swap transplants.

A powerful reminder that when hospitals collaborate, more patients receive the gift of life.

"One Nation, One Swap."

https://lnkd.in/gZD6Q-md "

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Here's an article on the clinical trials of kidney exchange in Brazil, in preparation for a possible change in the transplant law to make it standard practice. 

Doação Renal Pareada (DRP) no Brasil: relato do primeiro caso envolvendo três duplas    Kidney Paired Donation (KPD) in Brazil: first 3-way case report   by Juliana Bastos, Glaucio Silva de Souza, Marcio Luiz de Sousa, Pedro Bastos Guimarães de
Almeida, Thais Freesz, David Jose de Barros
Machado, Elias David-Neto, Gustavo Fernandes Ferreira   https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2025-0177pt

 Abstract: Kidney Paired Donation (KPD) is a transformative strategy in living kidney donor transplantation (LDKT), particularly for overcoming immunological barriers that preclude direct donation. In 2021, KPD accounted for one-fifth of adult LDKT and for half of LDKT for sensitized recipients in the United States. In Brazil, with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and over 30,000 patients on transplant waiting lists, the demand for compatible donors far exceeds supply. This article presents a case report of KPD in the Brazilian context, illustrating its feasibility and highlighting challenges and considerations for broader implementation. The case demonstrates KPD’s potential to increase transplant rates, improve outcomes, and reduce dialysis costs. Nevertheless, structural, ethical, and regulatory challenges remain. This report emphasizes the implications of expanding KPD as a sustainable, life-saving strategy in Brazil.

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Here's a report from  King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: 

Almeshari, K.A., Broering, D.C., Obeid, D.A., Alali, A.N., Algharabli, A.N., Pana, N.L. and ALI, T.Z., Innovative Strategies in Kidney Paired Donation: Single-Center Experience Achieving the Highest Annual Transplant Volume Globally. Frontiers in Immunology, 17, p.1623684. 

"Methods: We analyzed all kidney transplants performed through our KPD program between January and December 2024. The program aimed to achieve full HLA and ABO compatibility for incompatible pairs, while also incorporating additional strategies: inclusion of compatible pairs to improve HLA matching, acceptance of ABO quasi-compatible matches (e.g., A2 donors to O or B recipients), low-risk HLA-incompatible matching for HLA-incompatible candidates with cPRA >80%, and ABO-incompatible matching for those with cPRA >95%.

Results: A total of 135 patients (121 adults, 14 pediatrics) underwent KPD-facilitated transplantation, including 69 HLA-incompatible (51.1%), 37 ABO-incompatible (27.4%), and 29 compatible (21.5%) pairs. Females comprised 60.7% of the cohort, with a significantly higher proportion in the HLA-incompatible group (p < 0.001). HLA-incompatible recipients were older than others (mean age 42.5 years, p < 0.001). Most transplants (93.3%) occurred through 2- to 5-way closed chains, with the remainder via domino chains (6.7%). 

...

Conclusion: Our single-center experience demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a high-volume KPD program in overcoming immunologic barriers to kidney transplantation. Strategic inclusion of compatible pairs, ABO quasi-compatible matching, low-risk HLA-incompatible, and ABO-incompatible matchings significantly increased access for difficult-to-match recipients. This model may serve as a replicable framework for other high-capacity transplant centers seeking to expand transplant access and improve outcomes for complex patient populations. "

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And here's a report on proposed German legislation to (finally) make kidney exchange legal in Germany: 

Biró, P., Budde, K., Burnapp, L., Cseh, Á., Kurschat, C., Manlove, D., & Ockenfels, A. (2026). Germany's Path to a National Kidney Exchange Program: An Assessment of the 2024 Legislative Proposal. Health Policy, 166, 105578. 

"Highlights

The German Federal Parliament plans to amend the Transplantation Act (1997).
•
The main goal of the reform is to establish a national kidney exchange program.
•
The draft law follows European best practices in many respects.
•
However, the law prohibits the participation of compatible donor–recipient pairs, contrary to international evidence.
•
Germany may join cross-border kidney exchange programs in the future. "

 

Kidney exchange in India (one minute video)

In India, which already does the third most kidney transplants in the world (after the US and China), physicians and surgeons are making great progress on kidney exchange.

  Some of this progress is with the help of the Alliance for Paired Kidney Exchange (APKD), supported by a grant from Stanford Impact Labs (SIL)

 Here's a short video about that collaboration, narrated by Mike Rees, the founder and guiding light of the APKD.

 The picture below was taken just after Mike Rees (on the left) and I observed a robotic kidney transplant surgery performed by  Dr. Pranjal Modi (on the right), in Ahmedabad 

 

  

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Earlier:

Thursday, January 22, 2026  Kidney exchange in Brazil (a clinical trial)

 

Fast and slow dissemination of new ideas in medicine and economics (one timeline:)

There are many differences between medicine and economics, but one of the most striking is the speed of publication. 

I publish papers in both fields, so I get to experience very different speeds, of publication and response. Publishing (and therefore also responding--both positively and negatively ) is much slower in economics than in medicine.  I've been noticing this because of recent attention to a paper I coauthored that was published in November, 2025, in the journal Transplantation. (It had been submitted in January, was revised and accepted in March, and was published online in May.)  In December the journal created and distributed to its subscriber list a narrated video abstract of the paper. You can find the video here https://vimeo.com/1146995735/486989e95c?fl=pl&fe=sh

 Our paper suggested ways that information revealed during deceased organ allocation could be used to evaluate organ quality, and expedite (i.e. speed up) the allocation process for organs at risk of being unused.  And the first published response, just three month later, suggests how such information could be used in India.

Early Refusal Pattern Phenotyping as a Surrogate for Organ Quality Assessment in Kidney Allocation
Kashiv, Pranjal MD, DM1,2; Pasari, Amit MD, DM2,3; Balwani, Manish MD, DM2,3; Kute, Vivek MD, DM4
Transplantation ():10.1097/TP.0000000000005664, February 09, 2026. | DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000005664

"We read with interest the recent article by Guan et al,1 which provides a comprehensive and methodologically thoughtful assessment of refusal behavior in deceased donor kidney allocation. Their distinction between single-patient and multiple-patient simultaneous refusals, derived through timestamp-based clustering, offers a methodologically robust framework that elevates routine offer-response data into a meaningful surrogate for real-time assessment of organ suitability. This approach is particularly valuable in allocation environments where decisions must be made under substantial time pressure and with incomplete ancillary information.

...

" Their observations offer global relevance and hold potential for strengthening allocation efficiency in India’s evolving deceased donor landscape." 

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Earlier:

Here's the blog post that accompanied the publication online... 

Friday, May 23, 2025  Deceased organ allocation: deciding early when to move fast

Kidney exchange in Brazil (a clinical trial)

Here's a video in which Mike Rees, the founder of the Alliance for Paired Kidney Donation (APKD) describes how (with the help of a grant from Stanford Impact Labs) the APKD is helping Brazilian transplant docs get kidney exchange going there. 

 

Earlier:

Tuesday, February 27, 2024  Stanford Impact Labs announces support for kidney exchange in Brazil, India, and the U.S.

 

Thursday, October 10, 2024  Kidney exchange in Brazil, continued (with pictures)

 

 

Nikhil Agarwal Wins Infosys Prize 2025

 From Inomics:

Nikhil Agarwal (MIT) Wins Infosys Prize 2025 for Groundbreaking Work in Market Design 

13 November 2025

Recognising innovation in the field of economics, the Infosys Science Foundation (ISF) has awarded the prestigious Infosys Prize 2025 in Economics to Nikhil Agarwal, the Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

Nikhil Agarwal's pioneering contributions to market design have set new standards in empirical studies for allocation mechanisms, affecting critical areas such as school choice, medical residency, and kidney exchanges, and make him a worthy winner of the 2025 Infosys Prize in Economics.

The selection of Agarwal comes as part of the ISF's initiative to promote early-career researchers by honoring individuals under 40 years of age. This shift, introduced in 2024, underscores the foundation's commitment to recognizing and nurturing talent that shapes the future of scholarship and innovation. 

Agarwal's research addresses complex "matching problems," scenarios where traditional market principles fall short. His work elucidates how individuals seeking vital resources—like patients in need of kidney transplants or students aiming for college admission—can be systematically matched through innovative market design techniques. By anchoring his theories in empirical data, Agarwal provides profound insights that have the potential to influence policy design and enhance societal welfare. 

The Infosys Prize is renowned for being one of the most significant awards in India, which not only honors excellence but also fosters a scientific culture that drives innovation across multiple disciplines. Each laureate receives a gold medal, a citation, and a prize purse of USD 100,000, along with international recognition, often leading to further prestigious awards. 

 

Are transplants too scarce, or not scarce enough? A surprising debate about India

 India, now the most populous country in the world, does the third highest number of kidney transplants in the world (although their rate of transplantation per million population is quite low).  So transplants are nevertheless very scarce in India compared to the need, which is the situation worldwide.

Earlier this year, however, a paper by three veteran (non-Indian) transplant professionals who have headed large organizations expressed repugnance for the volume of transplants in India, and the fact that it depends mostly on living donor transplantation (LDT), suggesting it can be viewed as "both alarming and reprehensible."  Their paper's title makes it clear how they view it. 

Domínguez-Gil, Beatriz, Francis L. Delmonico, and Jeremy R. Chapman. "Organ transplantation in India: NOT for the common good." Transplantation 109, no. 2, February, 2025: 240-242. 

"The field of organ transplantation has evolved very differently across the world under the influence of different national healthcare financing systems. Healthcare is, in most countries, financed by taxation and thus through governmental budgets, in combination with private funds, mostly through contributory health insurance systems (eg, Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand, South America, and the United States). But across much of Asia, tertiary healthcare services, such as transplantation, are almost entirely dependent on the private finances of individuals. The impressive growth in Indian organ transplantation has been accomplished in for-profit hospitals, which have expanded Indian transplantation into 807 facilities, mostly associated with the major corporate hospital chains.6 Organ transplantation, in a part of the world where one-fifth of all people live, is thus largely not for the common good, but a treatment available for those with ample monetary resources." 

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 This was followed by a firm rebuttal by distinguished Indian transplant professionals.  Their title makes their view equally clear:

Rela, Mohamed, Ashwin Rammohan, Vivek Kute, Manish R. Balwani, and Arpita Ray Chaudhury. "Organ Transplantation in India: INDEED, for the Common Good!." Transplantation 109, no. 6 (2025): e340-e342. 

 "We were deeply concerned by the article “Organ Transplantation in India: NOT for the Common Good” by Domínguez-Gil et al,  which we felt provided an unfairly critical view of the current state of organ transplantation in India. We aim to provide a point-by-point rebuttal based on actual figures and ground-reality rather than tabloid-press articles as cited by the authors.
 

"It is true that in the past 5 y, there has been an extraordinary growth in the number of transplantations in India (more than those achieved over several decades by European countries). While it is natural to be wary of this astronomical increase in transplant numbers, the authors’ assumption that this growth is likely nefarious reflects an outdated western mindset, rather than a true understanding of over 2 decades of massively coordinated effort by the Government of India, transplant professionals and all other stakeholders in the country. 

...

" The development of LDT has been presented with a negative connotation. This shows a scant understanding of the geo-socio-political idiosyncrasies prevalent in the Asian region, and unlike the west, its conventional dependence on LDT.

 ...

"The authors have further confused LDT and deceased donor transplantation with regards to foreigners having access to organs in India. The authors’ accusation of deceased donor organs being preferentially allocated to foreigner is presumptuous at best. The current organ allocation system under the aegis of the Government of India and state-wise organ transplant governing bodies is a very transparent process—and is reserved for Indian nationals.

...

" Transplant tourism being equated with organ commerce is erroneous, the authors’ fail to understand that many poor countries find India a more financially viable destination to get a transplant than countries in the west. Even affordable Governments in the middle east are moving to the east for transplantation, where the ministries have a direct tie-up with transplant units. 

"While it should be conceded that transplantation in India may not be available to all, true social upliftment necessitates broader initiatives beyond just immediate transplant availability: that of addressing poverty. Nonetheless, access to transplants for the underprivileged has greatly improved over the past decade. There are several public sector hospitals in the country that routinely provide transplantation services. In 2023, in the state of Tamil Nadu, 35.1% of all deceased donor renal transplants were performed for free in public sector hospitals (Table 1). 5 While traditionally, the private pay-from-pocket healthcare has been only for those with the resources, the central and several state governments (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, etc) sponsor an all-inclusive healthcare state insurance for the poor, which includes transplantation at any approved private hospital in the state; which includes LDT.

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I'm on my way to a conference in Cairo that is motivated in part by concern that healthcare in low and middle income countries has been impeded by some of the international healthcare organizations' lack of understanding or empathy for their situations. 

Stanford kidney conference, recap

 Stanford Impact Labs (SIL) reports on our recent kidney exchange conference

Global Solutions-focused Summit on Expanding Access to Kidney Transplantation held at Stanford. Physicians, scholars, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers gathered to explore research advances underway in India, Brazil, and the U.S.   by Kate Green Tripp and Marina Kaneko

 "Earlier this month, the Alliance for Paired Kidney Donation (APKD), Stanford economist Alvin E. Roth, and Stanford Impact Labs hosted the Palo Alto Summit, a two-day global convening at Stanford University dedicated to exploring challenges and advances in kidney transplantation around the world.

"On the heels of the 2025 World Transplant Congress in San Francisco, more than 30 physicians, scholars, transplant coordinators, and government officials from the U.S., India, Brazil, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and South Africa gathered to share key learnings, challenges, and advances in the field.

...

" APKD and Roth, the Craig and Susan McCaw Professor of Economics at Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences, have teamed up with transplant specialists in India, Brazil, and the United States to form the Extending Kidney Exchange project. 

...

"The summit’s sessions were designed to advance national efforts in KPD in India and Brazil, and deceased donor-initiated chains (DDIC); foster collaboration among leading clinical, policy, and academic partners; and identify actionable steps and shared milestones for KPD in India and Brazil, paired liver exchange in India, and DDIC in the United States. As a transplant strategy, DDIC utilizes kidneys from deceased donors to create a chain of transplants so as to maximize the use of available organs and to connect multiple recipients, especially when there are mismatches or compatibility issues.

...

"“When the very first [nonsimultaneous] chain of kidney transplants took place in 2006, it was not necessarily welcomed as an innovation,” recalls Michael Rees, a transplant surgeon at the University of Toledo and founder of the Alliance for Paired Kidney Donation (APKD). “It is incredibly exciting to reflect on the progress we’ve been able to make across the transplant community since that time, to increase the utility of a single kidney from either a living or deceased donor.”

 

 

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Earlier:

Thursday, August 7, 2025 Stanford conference on extending kidney exchange

 

Also of note:

Matthew Gentzkow Named Director of Stanford Impact Labs

"The economist will lead a community of social scientists who want their scholarship to improve people’s lives."
 

 

Visualizing single versus multi-center kidney exchange: Dr. Vivek Kute

  Dr. Vivek Kute is the transplant nephrologist at one of the most active single-center kidney exchange programs in the world.  When he spoke on Thursday at Stanford's conference on extending kidney exchange, he used the slide below to help illustrate how India's move to multi-hospital kidney exchange (also  called kidney paired donation, KDP) would change the opportunities to find compatible living donor kidney transplants (LDKT)...

 H

 Here's a photo from his post-conference tweet:

 

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I've often blogged about Dr Kute's work.

Stanford conference on extending kidney exchange

  We'll be welcoming many of our transplantation colleagues to a conference at Stanford today.

 

 

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Earlier:

Tuesday, February 27, 2024 Stanford Impact Labs announces support for kidney exchange in Brazil, India, and the U.S.

 

US Waitlist Registrants who Received Transplantation Abroad

 Here's a recent article about patients waiting for a deceased-donor organ transplant in the U.S. who (instead) received one overseas (and so removed themselves from the U.S. deceased-donor waiting list, from 2010 to 2023. In that period, the total number of deceased donor transplants in the US rose from about 20,000 per year to about 40,000 per year. Around 60 patients a year are removed from the waitlist for this reason, i.e. on the order of one tenth of one percent.

 The tone of the paper is captured by the statement that this is "not universally unethical".

 Landscape of US Waitlist Registrants who Received Transplantation Abroad
Terlizzi, Kelly MS1; Jaffe, Ian S. MD, MSc1; Bisen, Shivani S. MD1; Lonze, Bonnie E. MD, PhD1; Orandi, Babak J. MD, PhD1,2; Levan, Macey L. JD, PhD1; Segev, Dorry L. MD, PhD1; Massie, Allan B. PhD   Transplantation ():10.1097/TP.0000000000005467, July 14, 2025.  

Abstract:

"Background.
Transplant waitlist registrants in the United States may be delisted because of receipt of a transplant abroad. Although not universally unethical, “travel for transplantation” poses risks to posttransplant care. To better understand this phenomenon, this study identifies temporal trends, geographic patterns, and demographic factors associated with cross-border transplantation.

Methods.
Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we identified 818 US waitlist candidates who were removed because of transplantation abroad between 2010 and 2023. We described recipient characteristics overall, by organ, and by top transplant destinations. We used a Cox regression framework to identify characteristics associated with waitlist removal due to transplantation abroad.

Results.
Transplants abroad averaged 58.4 per year. Incidence peaked at 80 transplants in 2017, with an upward trend after 2021. Kidney transplants made up 92.1% of cases. The most common destinations were the Philippines (19.8%), India (16.5%), Mexico (9.4%), China (8.4%), and Iran (4.4%). India and Mexico experienced the smallest drop-off during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2021. Most recipients were US citizens (65.0%) or residents (23.5%). Female (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.520.610.71; P < 0.001) and Black candidates (aHR, 0.120.180.26; P < 0.001) were less likely to travel abroad compared with Asian candidates (aHR, 5.927.108.52; P < 0.001). Nonresidents (aHR, 6.708.6911.26; P < 0.001) and, among registrations in 2012 or later, nonresidents who traveled to the United States for transplantation (aHR, 27.2738.9155.50; P < 0.001) had a greater chance of undergoing transplantation abroad.

Conclusions.
Understanding patterns of international travel for transplantation is key not only for preventing resource drains from destination countries but also for providing adequate posttransplant care for recipients."

Kidney and liver exchange in India

 Here's an update from Dr. Vivek Kute and his colleagues on kidney and liver exchange in India.

Kute, V. B., Patel, H. V., Banerjee, S., Aziz, F., Godara, S. M., Bansal, S. B., ... & Srivastava, A. (2025). Analysis of kidney and liver exchange transplantation in India (2000–2025): a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, Volume 37, June 2025, 100597. 

One Nation One Swap: National kidney exchange in India

 In India, the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) wrote this week to all the State organizations (the SOTTOs) announcing the plan to form a nationwide kidney exchange program, called the "Uniform One Nation One Swap Transplant Program."

This has been the work of many people for a long time.  Of particular importance has been and will continue to be Dr. Vivek Kute from IKDRC Ahmedabad

 Here's the story in the Hindustan Times.

 NOTTO writes to states, UTs to implement swap organ transplant

Here's the letter itself:

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Earlier post:

Tuesday, February 27, 2024  Stanford Impact Labs announces support for kidney exchange in Brazil, India, and the U.S.

Toledo celebrates Mike Rees

 Here's the announcement from the University of Toledo:

University Recognizes Faculty Members with Distinguished Honor 

"Rees joined the faculty of the then Medical College of Ohio as an assistant professor in the Department of Urology in 1999 and was promoted to associate professor in 2007 and to professor in 2008.

"His research interests include kidney-paired donation, transplant immunology, immunosuppression, xenotransplantation and value-based healthcare, and he has received numerous grants totaling millions of dollars including grants from the Echoes of Lasting Peace Foundation, the NIH, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Stanford Impact Lab, Wyeth Pharmaceutical Corporation, Novartis, the Ohio Department of Development and the Ohio Center for Innovative Immunosuppressive Therapeutics.

Rees mentored three Ph.D. students in xenotransplantation immunology, all of whom have gone on to successful careers in the health sciences and he has trained more than 50 urologists. He has obtained four patents related to his work in transplantation methods, one of which has led to a 30% increase in the supply of deceased donor livers in Europe, and he has written more than 100 publications and book chapters. These publications include: “Nonsimultaneous Extended Altruistic Donors” an idea that has lead to an additional 20,000 living donor kidney transplants around the world, “Delayed Renal Transplant Function,” “Immunological Effects of Hepatic Xenoperfusion” and “Strategies to Increase the Donor Pool.”

His numerous awards and commendations include attending the 2012 Nobel Prize ceremony at the invitation of his mentor for his UToledo-sponsored 2016-2017 sabbatical, Nobel Laureate in Economics, Alvin Roth, the Medal of Excellence from the American Association of Kidney Patients, the Governor’s Award from the National Kidney Foundation, and he was named an American Society of Transplantation’s New Key Opinion Leader.

Rees has given lectures and seminars in France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, South Korea, Switzerland, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Italy, India and the Philippines, and he served a three-year fellowship at Cambridge University, where he trained as a multi-organ transplant surgeon under world-renowned surgeon and transplant pioneer, Professor Sir Roy Calne, as well as completing a Ph.D. in xenotransplantation immunology.

“I have been fortunate to be supported by The University of Toledo since 1996 when the Medical College of Ohio made it possible for me to obtain a Ph.D. in immunology and a fellowship in transplant surgery at Cambridge University prior to my arrival in Toledo in 1999,” Rees said. “Transplantation is the great team sport. I am honored to have been chosen for this award, and I am grateful to all those who have trained me, the University of Toledo and Medical Center, the teams that have supported me, and the grant agencies and philanthropists who have supported my dreams over the course of my career.”

 

Kidney transplant black market in Myanmar

 BBC Burma has the story (I guess they haven't updated their country name...no doubt they still refer to the Gulf of Mexico, too:) 

The story is about Burmese people purchasing a kidney from other Burmese people, after which they both travel to India for the surgeries, which involves pretending to be relatives.

Myanmar villagers reveal 'desperate' illegal kidney sales, BBC Burmese 

"Zeya, whose name has been changed to conceal his identity, knew of local people who had sold one of their kidneys. "They looked healthy to me," he says. So he started asking around.

"He is one of eight people in the area who told BBC Burmese they had sold a kidney by travelling to India.

...

"Buying or selling human organs is illegal in both Myanmar and India, but Zeya says he soon found a man he describes as a "broker".

"He says the man arranged medical tests and, a few weeks later, told him a potential recipient - a Burmese woman - had been found, and that both of them could travel to India for the surgery.

"In India, if the donor and recipient are not close relatives, they must demonstrate that the motive is altruistic and explain the relationship between them.

...

"He says the broker made it appear as if he was donating to someone he was related to by marriage: "Someone who is not a blood relative, but a distant relative".

...

Zeya says he was told he would receive 7.5m Myanmar kyats. This has been worth somewhere between $1,700 and $2,700 over the past couple of years

...

" he flew to northern India for the operation and it took place in a large hospital. ... he stayed in hospital for a week afterwards.

...

"The BBC last heard from Zeya several months after his surgery.

"I was able to settle my debts and bought a plot of land," he said.

But he said he couldn't afford to build a house and had not been able to construct one while recovering from the surgery. He said he had been suffering from back pain.

"I have to restart working soon. If the side effects strike again, I have to deal with it. I have no regrets about it," he added.

He said he stayed in touch with the recipient for a while, and she had told him she was in good health with his kidney.

Speaking on condition of anonymity, she told the BBC she paid 100m kyats (between around $22,000 and $35,000 in recent years) in total. She denied that documents were forged, maintaining that Zeya was her relative."

 

HT: Colin Rowat

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Earlier, also on the Myanmar/India black market

Thursday, December 21, 2023

Cash for kidneys report in the Telegraph