Here's an article about organ (kidney) trafficking, by a Nigerian physician, which has a good account of the background of the Nigerian citizen who was convicted in England of organ trafficking. (It's in an interesting looking journal that I hadn't previously heard of...)
Akpen, Nater Paul. "The illicit Organ Trade: Biographical, Anatomical, Economic and Legal Aspects." Journal of Academics Stand Against Poverty 6, no. 1 (2025): 86-102.
Abstract:"A kidney can cost up to $ 200,000. Humans have two kidneys but normally require just one to live. Individuals can donate one to relatives for altruistic reasons. But to pay $200,000 - or any other amount - to obtain a kidney, no country in the world allows that. Except for Iran. This global blanket ban has pushed the trade of organs underground and it now ranks as the fourth most lucrative illegal activity – behind only drugs, arms, and human trafficking. Rising incidence of end-stage kidney disease will increase demand for replacement kidneys, both gifted and bought. This essay studies this trade using two case studies, one of a Nigerian leading legislator arrested in the UK for getting a kidney for his daughter and another on kidney demand in Iran where trade in organs is permitted. The global value of the trade is studied, and literature gaps are discussed. The inadequacies of the current system are highlighted and improvements suggested, based on best practices around the world."
And here's the concluding paragraph:
"Organ trade should be legalized. Governments, in collaboration with professional medical bodies, should be the sole regulator. For deceased donations, there should be an opt out system that would be set in place after a sweeping enlightenment campaign on the system and the need for organs. There should be a fixed uniform national pay to donors (or their next of kins). There should be no cross-border trade. "
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