Here's a recent RAND report, on the current diverse attempts to regulate emerging biotechnologies, focusing on organoids,* embryos, genes, and neurotechnology:
State-of-play and future trends on the development of oversight frameworks for emerging technologies
Part 2: Technology oversight report, by Sana Zakaria, Ioli Howard, Eva Coringrato, Anna Louise Todsen, Imogen Wade, Devika Kapoor, Alec Ross, Katarina Pisani, Chryssa Politi, Martin Szomszor, Salil Gunashekar, Dec 16, 2024
"This RAND Europe study commissioned by Wellcome explores the current and future oversight frameworks for emerging technologies, focusing on organoids, human embryology, engineering biology and neurotechnology.
...
"Key Findings:
Lack of specific frameworks for organoids
- There is an absence of specific regulatory frameworks for organoids, with current oversight relying on broader stem cell and biomedical regulations. Emerging mechanisms, such as Japan's consent-to-govern approach, are gaining traction to address ethical challenges, particularly around donor consent and privacy concerns.
Challenges in human embryology oversight
- Existing frameworks, like the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, are outdated and not designed for new technologies such as AI in embryo selection. Disparate national regulations complicate international collaboration, and there is a need for frameworks to adapt to scientific advancements and public interest.
Fragmented oversight in engineering biology
- The global landscape features disparate oversight mechanisms, creating obstacles for international collaboration. There is a need for alignment across diverse applications and jurisdictions, with potential solutions including cross-sector collaboration and international biosecurity measures.
Neurotechnology oversight gaps
- Current regulations do not address the unique challenges posed by neurotechnologies, such as data privacy and dual-use concerns. Ethical guidelines, like Chile's neurorights, offer proactive models, but there is a need for stronger post-market surveillance and international guidelines to prevent misuse.
Priority considerations for future oversight
- The report outlines eight priority considerations, including developing interconnected oversight networks, ensuring equity, harmonizing international governance, fostering public involvement, and integrating adaptive and anticipatory strategies into oversight frameworks."
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* "Organoids are three-dimensional structures that are derived from stem cells and are capable of self-organising into structures that mimic the key functional, structural and biological complexity of an organ."
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